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Caroline Elkins (born 1969) is a professor of history and African and African American Studies at Harvard University, and the founding director of Harvard's Center for African Studies. Her most noted publication, ''Imperial Reckoning: The Untold Story of Britain's Gulag in Kenya'' (2005) won the 2006 Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction. It also was the basis for successful claims by former Mau Mau detainees against the British government for crimes committed in the detention camps of Kenya in the 1950s. Elkins served as expert witness from the time of the claimant's filing of their case in 2009 until it was settled in June 2013. In addition to her award-winning work on colonial Kenya, Elkins also studies the colonial encounter in Africa during the twentieth century, as well as in many parts of the former British Empire including Malaya, Singapore, Cyprus, and Zimbabwe. She has won numerous other fellowships and awards, including those from the Guggenheim Foundation, the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, and the American Council of Learned Societies. ==Biography== Elkins majored in history at Princeton, graduating ''summa cum laude'' before moving to Harvard for her master's and doctorate. Her signature historical methodology, which includes an integrative reading of written sources and extensive ethnographic field work and oral interviews, has led to major revisions in the fields of African and British imperial histories, and has also generated significant criticism, particularly from conservative academics. Elkins' Harvard PhD was concerned with the detention system employed by the British colonial authorities during the Mau Mau Uprising, and served as the basis of the 2002 BBC documentary, "Kenya: White Terror," in which Elkins and her fieldwork were both profiled. "Kenya: White Terror" won the International Red Cross Award at the Monte Carlos Film Festival.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Press Award in Monte Carlos )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Kenya: White Terror )〕 Elkins's dissertation also provided the foundation for her 2005 publication, ''Imperial Reckoning'', which was met with critical acclaim in newspapers and magazines around the world, including ''The New York Times'', ''The Washington Post'', ''The Guardian'', and ''The Economist''. In addition to winning the Pulitzer-Prize for General Nonfiction in 2006, ''Imperial Reckoning'' was also named as a book of the year by ''The Economist'', an editors' choice by ''The New York Times'', and was a finalist for the Lionel Gelber Award.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Faculty Home Page )〕 In its commendation of Elkins, the Pulitzer Prize Committee wrote: "''Imperial Reckoning'' is history of the highest order: meticulously researched, brilliantly written, and powerfully dramatic. An unforgettable act of historical re-creation, it is also a disturbing reminder of the brutal imperial precedents that continue to inform Western nations in their drive to democratize the world."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Imperial Reckoning: The Untold Story of Britain's Gulag in Kenya )〕 Elkins has been a professor at Harvard University since she completed her doctoral degree in Harvard's history department in 2001. She received full tenure in 2009, and subsequently became the founding director of Harvard's Center for African Studies. At the time of her promotion to tenure, the then Harvard dean of social sciences, Stephen Kosslyn remarked of Elkins, "Her ‘Imperial Reckoning’ has realigned historians’ understanding of the final years of colonial Kenya, providing an unparalleled study of the Mau Mau Emergency of the 1950s. She has been a dedicated and exceptional teacher, a very good citizen of Harvard, and a prominent intellectual in the fields of African and empire studies.”〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Caroline Elkins named professor of history )〕 Elkins currently teaches courses on modern Africa, protest in East Africa, human rights in Africa, and British colonial violence in the 20th century. In 2009, ''Imperial Reckoning'' served as the basis for an unprecedented legal claim filed by five Mau Mau detention camp survivors against the British colonial government, and Elkins became the claimants first expert witness before being joined by other historians in late 2010 and 2011. The case, known as Mutua and FIve Others versus the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO), was heard in London's High Court of Justice with the Honourable Justice McCombe presiding. London human rights law firm, Leigh Day, and the Kenya Human Rights Commission (KHRC) in Nairobi, were the claimants' legal representatives. During the course of legal discovery the FCO discovered some 300 boxes of previously undisclosed files that validated on a large scale Elkins' claims in Imperial Reckoning and provided thousands of pages of new evidence supporting the claimants' case of gross abuses perpetrated by British colonial officials in the detention camps of Kenya in the 1950s. Although the British government tried to fend off the claims at first, arguing that the Kenyan government should take responsibility,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=British government apologizes for colonial abuses in Kenya )〕 the Mau Mau case settled in June 2013, with Foreign Secretary William Hague reading a statement of "sincere regret" into the record in the House of Commons, and British High Commissioner Christian Turner reading the same statement to the Mau Mau claimants in Nairobi, where Elkins was present to witness the historic moment. In an extensive profile of Elkins done in the wake of the Mau Mau settlement, Machua Koinange of Kenya's leading newspaper The Standard, wrote: "her research work is being credited with providing the crucial evidence that compelled the British Government to settle a multi-billion shilling lawsuit filed by Mau Mau war veterans out of court." In the same article, Kenya Member of Parliament, the Honourable Paul Muite, praised Elkins for her courage and the singular role she played in the initial publication of Imperial Reckoning, and in writing voluminous witness statements for the High Court on behalf of the claimants, stating: “Without her research work, we would not have been able to mount this suit...The research portion was a momentous task and I credit Elkins for the success of filing the case. We recognised the research and preparatory work (to file the case) had to be perfect.”〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=From thesis to unspeakable torture evidence that UK wanted buried )〕 Similarly, in commenting upon the significance of Elkins and her work, the lead barrister from Leigh Day, Daniel Leader, stated: "Caroline's work has been absolutely fundamental to the case...She was uniquely responsible for beginning to change the public's understanding of that period in history....The victims are forever in her debt. She put their stories on the map." Later, Leader followed-up, stating: "I don’t think it’s an overstatement to say this case wouldn’t have been brought without her () efforts." Similarly, George Morara, program officer for KHRC in Nairobi, stated of Elkins: "Without her () seminal work, this story wouldn't have come to the fore."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Strong Evidence )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Justice by Committee )〕 Elkins was a strong public figure throughout the case, providing three witness statements to the High Court of London on behalf of the claimants, as well as commentary in a variety of media outlets, raising awareness about the case and the crimes perpetrated by British officials in colonial Kenya. She penned several essays in The Guardian, where she and her work were also the subject of other essays critiquing the British government and empire. She has regularly appeared on such outlets as Charlie Rose, NPR, CNN, BBC World, Al Jazeera, Radio 4, and has been quoted in various newspapers and magazines around the world. In her June 2013 essay for The Guardian in the immediate wake of the Mau Mau case settlement, Elkins wrote: "Ultimately, the Mau Mau case is as symbolic as it is instructive. Regardless of future claims, Britons can no longer hide behind the rhetoric of unequivocal imperial success. Instead, British liberalism in the empire – with its alleged spread of civilisation, progress, liberty and rule of law justifying any coercive actions – has been irreversibly exposed." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Caroline Elkins」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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